diff --git a/app/Helpers/Helper.php b/app/Helpers/Helper.php
index c770210293..9f89d9db8f 100644
--- a/app/Helpers/Helper.php
+++ b/app/Helpers/Helper.php
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use App\Models\License;
 use App\Models\Location;
 use App\Models\Setting;
 use App\Models\Statuslabel;
+use App\Models\User;
 use Carbon\Carbon;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Encryption\DecryptException;
 use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
@@ -1700,6 +1701,8 @@ class Helper
             return [];
         }
 
+        $floater = (bool) Setting::getSettings()->null_company_is_floater;
+
         foreach ($locations as $location) {
             // in case of an update of a single location, use the newly requested company_id
             if ($new_company_id) {
@@ -1745,20 +1748,40 @@ class Helper
 
                     $count = 0;
                     foreach ($items as $item) {
+                        if (! $item) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
 
-                        if ($item && $item->company_id != $location_company) {
+                        // Users belong to companies via the many-to-many pivot (company_user).
+                        // canReceiveFromCompany() returns true only when the user's pivot
+                        // contains the location's company, so !canReceiveFromCompany() is
+                        // the correct mismatch signal.
+                        if ($item instanceof User) {
+                            $isMismatch = ! $item->canReceiveFromCompany((int) $location_company);
+                        } elseif ($item->company_id == $location_company) {
+                            $isMismatch = false;
+                        } elseif (is_null($item->company_id) || is_null($location_company)) {
+                            $isMismatch = ! $floater;
+                        } else {
+                            $isMismatch = true;
+                        }
+
+                        if ($isMismatch) {
+                            if ($item instanceof User) {
+                                $itemCompanyIds = $item->companies->pluck('id')->implode(', ');
+                                $itemCompanyNames = $item->companies->pluck('name')->implode(', ');
+                            } else {
+                                $itemCompanyIds = $item->company_id ?? null;
+                                $itemCompanyNames = $item->company->name ?? null;
+                            }
 
                             $mismatched[] = [
                                 class_basename(get_class($item)),
                                 $item->id,
                                 $item->name ?? $item->asset_tag ?? $item->serial ?? $item->username,
                                 $item->assigned_type ? str_replace('App\\Models\\', '', $item->assigned_type) : null,
-                                $item->company_id ?? null,
-                                $item->company->name ?? null,
-                                //                                    $item->defaultLoc->id ?? null,
-                                //                                    $item->defaultLoc->name ?? null,
-                                //                                    $item->defaultLoc->company->id ?? null,
-                                //                                    $item->defaultLoc->company->name ?? null,
+                                $itemCompanyIds,
+                                $itemCompanyNames,
                                 $item->location->name ?? null,
                                 $item->location->company->name ?? null,
                                 $location_company ?? null,
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Accessories/AccessoryCheckoutController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Accessories/AccessoryCheckoutController.php
index a00e072cb7..f1e3502f11 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Accessories/AccessoryCheckoutController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Accessories/AccessoryCheckoutController.php
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ use App\Http\Traits\CheckInOutTrait;
 use App\Models\Accessory;
 use App\Models\AccessoryCheckout;
 use App\Models\CheckoutAcceptance;
-use App\Models\Setting;
 use App\Models\User;
 use Carbon\Carbon;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
@@ -67,13 +66,18 @@ class AccessoryCheckoutController extends Controller
         $target = $this->determineCheckoutTarget();
         session()->put(['checkout_to_type' => $target]);
 
-        if (
-            Setting::getSettings()->full_multiple_companies_support == '1'
-            && $accessory->company_id
-            && $target instanceof User
-            && ! $target->canReceiveFromCompany($accessory->company_id)
-        ) {
-            return redirect()->back()->with('error', trans('general.error_user_company'));
+        if (! $accessory->canCheckoutTo($target)) {
+            $targetType = match (class_basename($target)) {
+                'User' => trans('general.user'),
+                'Location' => trans('general.location'),
+                default => trans('general.asset'),
+            };
+
+            return redirect()->back()->with('error', trans('general.error_checkout_company_mismatch', [
+                'item' => trans('general.accessory').' "'.$accessory->name.'"',
+                'item_company' => $accessory->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                'target' => $targetType.' "'.($target->name ?? $target->username ?? $target->id).'"',
+            ]));
         }
 
         $accessory->checkout_qty = $request->input('checkout_qty', 1);
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Api/AssetsController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Api/AssetsController.php
index 0581847bf0..b2b1a4042c 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Api/AssetsController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Api/AssetsController.php
@@ -913,21 +913,7 @@ class AssetsController extends Controller
 
     private function checkoutCompanyMismatchResponse(Asset $asset, User|Asset|Location $target): ?JsonResponse
     {
-        if (Setting::getSettings()->full_multiple_companies_support != '1' || is_null($asset->company_id)) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // For users with multiple companies, check all their associated companies,
-        // not just the primary company_id column.
-        if ($target instanceof User) {
-            if (! $target->canReceiveFromCompany((int) $asset->company_id)) {
-                return response()->json(Helper::formatStandardApiResponse('error', null, trans('general.error_user_company')));
-            }
-
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        if (! is_null($target->company_id) && (int) $asset->company_id !== (int) $target->company_id) {
+        if (! $asset->canCheckoutTo($target)) {
             return response()->json(Helper::formatStandardApiResponse('error', null, trans('general.error_user_company')));
         }
 
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Api/LocationsController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Api/LocationsController.php
index 64f706287d..8353e00aec 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Api/LocationsController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Api/LocationsController.php
@@ -211,12 +211,19 @@ class LocationsController extends Controller
         $location->fill($request->all());
         $location = $request->handleImages($location);
 
-        // Only scope location if the setting is enabled
         if (Setting::getSettings()->scope_locations_fmcs) {
             $location->company_id = Company::getIdForCurrentUser($request->input('company_id'));
-            // check if parent is set and has a different company
-            if ($location->parent_id && Location::find($location->parent_id)->company_id != $location->company_id) {
-                return response()->json(Helper::formatStandardApiResponse('error', null, 'different company than parent'));
+        }
+
+        // Parent company check applies whenever FMCS is on, independent of scope_locations_fmcs.
+        if (Setting::getSettings()->full_multiple_companies_support) {
+            $parent = $location->parent_id ? Location::find($location->parent_id) : null;
+            if ($parent && $parent->company_id != $location->company_id) {
+                return response()->json(Helper::formatStandardApiResponse('error', null, trans('general.error_location_parent_company', [
+                    'parent' => $parent->name,
+                    'parent_company' => $parent->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                    'location_company' => $location->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                ])));
             }
         }
 
@@ -303,22 +310,36 @@ class LocationsController extends Controller
         $location = $request->handleImages($location);
 
         if ($request->filled('company_id')) {
-            // Only scope location if the setting is enabled
             if (Setting::getSettings()->scope_locations_fmcs) {
                 $location->company_id = Company::getIdForCurrentUser($request->input('company_id'));
                 // check if there are related objects with different company
-                if (Helper::test_locations_fmcs(false, $id, $location->company_id)) {
-                    return response()->json(Helper::formatStandardApiResponse('error', null, 'error scoped locations'));
-                }
-                // check if parent is set and has a different company
-                if ($location->parent_id && Location::find($location->parent_id)->company_id != $location->company_id) {
-                    return response()->json(Helper::formatStandardApiResponse('error', null, 'different company than parent'));
+                if ($mismatched = Helper::test_locations_fmcs(false, $id, $location->company_id)) {
+                    $first = $mismatched[0];
+
+                    return response()->json(Helper::formatStandardApiResponse('error', null, trans('general.error_location_scoped_items', [
+                        'item_type' => trans('general.'.strtolower($first[0])),
+                        'item_name' => $first[2],
+                        'item_company' => $first[5] ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                    ])));
                 }
             } else {
                 $location->company_id = $request->input('company_id');
             }
         }
 
+        // Parent company check applies whenever FMCS is on, independent of scope_locations_fmcs.
+        // Runs outside the company_id gate so a parent_id-only update is also validated.
+        if (Setting::getSettings()->full_multiple_companies_support) {
+            $parent = $location->parent_id ? Location::find($location->parent_id) : null;
+            if ($parent && $parent->company_id != $location->company_id) {
+                return response()->json(Helper::formatStandardApiResponse('error', null, trans('general.error_location_parent_company', [
+                    'parent' => $parent->name,
+                    'parent_company' => $parent->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                    'location_company' => $location->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                ])));
+            }
+        }
+
         if ($location->isValid()) {
 
             $location->save();
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Api/UsersController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Api/UsersController.php
index 5512247dbb..49c3960055 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Api/UsersController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Api/UsersController.php
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ class UsersController extends Controller
         if ((Setting::getSettings()->full_multiple_companies_support == '1') && $request->filled('companyId')) {
             $companyIds = array_values(array_filter(array_map('intval', explode(',', $request->input('companyId')))));
             if (! empty($companyIds)) {
-                $users->whereHas('companies', fn ($q) => $q->whereIn('companies.id', $companyIds));
+                $users = Company::scopeUsersByCompanyIds($users, $companyIds);
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Assets/AssetCheckoutController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Assets/AssetCheckoutController.php
index 9c0221984a..0c8e0d7f2e 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Assets/AssetCheckoutController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Assets/AssetCheckoutController.php
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ use App\Http\Requests\AssetCheckoutRequest;
 use App\Http\Traits\CheckInOutTrait;
 use App\Models\Asset;
 use App\Models\CheckoutAcceptance;
-use App\Models\Setting;
 use App\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException;
@@ -119,18 +118,18 @@ class AssetCheckoutController extends Controller
             // Add any custom fields that should be included in the checkout
             $asset->customFieldsForCheckinCheckout('display_checkout');
 
-            $settings = Setting::getSettings();
+            if (! $asset->canCheckoutTo($target)) {
+                $targetType = match (class_basename($target)) {
+                    'User' => trans('general.user'),
+                    'Location' => trans('general.location'),
+                    default => trans('general.asset'),
+                };
 
-            // Locations have no company, so we only enforce FMCS when both sides have a company_id.
-            // For users with multiple companies, check all their associated companies via the pivot.
-            if ($settings->full_multiple_companies_support && ! is_null($asset->company_id)) {
-                $mismatch = $target instanceof User
-                    ? ! $target->canReceiveFromCompany((int) $asset->company_id)
-                    : (! is_null($target->company_id) && (int) $target->company_id !== (int) $asset->company_id);
-
-                if ($mismatch) {
-                    return redirect()->route('hardware.checkout.create', $asset)->with('error', trans('general.error_user_company'));
-                }
+                return redirect()->route('hardware.checkout.create', $asset)->with('error', trans('general.error_checkout_company_mismatch', [
+                    'item' => trans('general.asset').' "'.$asset->display_name.'"',
+                    'item_company' => $asset->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                    'target' => $targetType.' "'.($target->name ?? $target->username ?? $target->id).'"',
+                ]));
             }
 
             session()->put([
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Assets/BulkAssetsController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Assets/BulkAssetsController.php
index 7bca83d2ec..33649e8feb 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Assets/BulkAssetsController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Assets/BulkAssetsController.php
@@ -689,17 +689,17 @@ class BulkAssetsController extends Controller
             }
 
             // Prevent checking out assets across companies if FMCS enabled.
-            // For users with multiple companies, check all their associated companies via the pivot.
             if (Setting::getSettings()->full_multiple_companies_support) {
                 $company_ids = $assets->pluck('company_id')->filter()->unique();
 
                 if ($company_ids->isNotEmpty()) {
-                    $assetCompanyId = (int) $company_ids->first();
-
-                    $mismatch = $company_ids->count() > 1
-                        || ($target instanceof User
-                            ? ! $target->canReceiveFromCompany($assetCompanyId)
-                            : (! is_null($target->company_id) && (int) $target->company_id !== $assetCompanyId));
+                    if ($company_ids->count() > 1) {
+                        // Selected assets span multiple companies; bulk checkout can't satisfy all of them.
+                        $mismatch = true;
+                    } else {
+                        // All assets share the same company; let the model enforce the checkout rules.
+                        $mismatch = ! $assets->first()->canCheckoutTo($target);
+                    }
 
                     if ($mismatch) {
                         $request->session()->flashInput(['selected_assets' => $asset_ids]);
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Components/ComponentCheckoutController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Components/ComponentCheckoutController.php
index 949e9a4f1a..90c0bc309b 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Components/ComponentCheckoutController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Components/ComponentCheckoutController.php
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ use App\Helpers\Helper;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
 use App\Models\Asset;
 use App\Models\Component;
-use App\Models\Setting;
 use Illuminate\Auth\Access\AuthorizationException;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
 use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
@@ -104,8 +103,12 @@ class ComponentCheckoutController extends Controller
         // Check if the asset exists
         $asset = Asset::find($request->input('asset_id'));
 
-        if ((Setting::getSettings()->full_multiple_companies_support) && $component->company_id !== $asset->company_id) {
-            return redirect()->route('components.checkout.show', $componentId)->with('error', trans('general.error_user_company'));
+        if (! $component->canCheckoutTo($asset)) {
+            return redirect()->route('components.checkout.show', $componentId)->with('error', trans('general.error_checkout_company_mismatch', [
+                'item' => trans('general.component').' "'.$component->name.'"',
+                'item_company' => $component->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                'target' => trans('general.asset').' "'.$asset->display_name.'"',
+            ]));
         }
 
         $component->checkout_qty = $request->input('assigned_qty');
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Consumables/ConsumableCheckoutController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Consumables/ConsumableCheckoutController.php
index fddd821c17..018655fe7c 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Consumables/ConsumableCheckoutController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Consumables/ConsumableCheckoutController.php
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ use App\Helpers\Helper;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
 use App\Models\CheckoutAcceptance;
 use App\Models\Consumable;
-use App\Models\Setting;
 use App\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Auth\Access\AuthorizationException;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
@@ -97,12 +96,12 @@ class ConsumableCheckoutController extends Controller
             return redirect()->route('consumables.checkout.show', $consumable)->with('error', trans('admin/consumables/message.checkout.user_does_not_exist'))->withInput();
         }
 
-        if (
-            Setting::getSettings()->full_multiple_companies_support == '1'
-            && $consumable->company_id
-            && ! $user->canReceiveFromCompany($consumable->company_id)
-        ) {
-            return redirect()->back()->with('error', trans('general.error_user_company'));
+        if (! $consumable->canCheckoutTo($user)) {
+            return redirect()->back()->with('error', trans('general.error_checkout_company_mismatch', [
+                'item' => trans('general.consumable').' "'.$consumable->name.'"',
+                'item_company' => $consumable->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                'target' => trans('general.user').' "'.$user->username.'"',
+            ]));
         }
 
         // Update the consumable data
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Licenses/LicenseCheckoutController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Licenses/LicenseCheckoutController.php
index f30acbf2a7..54bcef42f8 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Licenses/LicenseCheckoutController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Licenses/LicenseCheckoutController.php
@@ -99,13 +99,21 @@ class LicenseCheckoutController extends Controller
         if (Setting::getSettings()->full_multiple_companies_support == '1') {
             if ($request->filled('asset_id')) {
                 $fmcsTarget = Asset::find($request->input('asset_id'));
-                if ($fmcsTarget && $license->company_id && $license->company_id !== $fmcsTarget->company_id) {
-                    return redirect()->route('licenses.index')->with('error', trans('general.error_user_company'));
+                if ($fmcsTarget && ! $license->canCheckoutTo($fmcsTarget)) {
+                    return redirect()->route('licenses.index')->with('error', trans('general.error_checkout_company_mismatch', [
+                        'item' => trans('general.license').' "'.$license->name.'"',
+                        'item_company' => $license->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                        'target' => trans('general.asset').' "'.$fmcsTarget->display_name.'"',
+                    ]));
                 }
             } elseif ($request->filled('assigned_to')) {
                 $fmcsTarget = User::find($request->input('assigned_to'));
-                if ($fmcsTarget && $license->company_id && ! $fmcsTarget->canReceiveFromCompany($license->company_id)) {
-                    return redirect()->route('licenses.index')->with('error', trans('general.error_user_company'));
+                if ($fmcsTarget && ! $license->canCheckoutTo($fmcsTarget)) {
+                    return redirect()->route('licenses.index')->with('error', trans('general.error_checkout_company_mismatch', [
+                        'item' => trans('general.license').' "'.$license->name.'"',
+                        'item_company' => $license->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                        'target' => trans('general.user').' "'.$fmcsTarget->username.'"',
+                    ]));
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/LocationsController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/LocationsController.php
index cad42a7c5b..1180a738bd 100755
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/LocationsController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/LocationsController.php
@@ -89,19 +89,24 @@ class LocationsController extends Controller
         $location->fax = request('fax');
         $location->tag_color = $request->input('tag_color');
         $location->notes = $request->input('notes');
-        $location->company_id = Company::getIdForCurrentUser($request->input('company_id'));
-
-        // Only scope the location if the setting is enabled
         if (Setting::getSettings()->scope_locations_fmcs) {
             $location->company_id = Company::getIdForCurrentUser($request->input('company_id'));
-            // check if parent is set and has a different company
-            if ($location->parent_id && Location::find($location->parent_id)->company_id != $location->company_id) {
-                return redirect()->back()->withInput()->withInput()->with('error', 'different company than parent');
-            }
         } else {
             $location->company_id = $request->input('company_id');
         }
 
+        // Parent company check applies whenever FMCS is on, independent of scope_locations_fmcs.
+        if (Setting::getSettings()->full_multiple_companies_support) {
+            $parent = $location->parent_id ? Location::find($location->parent_id) : null;
+            if ($parent && $parent->company_id != $location->company_id) {
+                return redirect()->back()->withInput()->with('error', trans('general.error_location_parent_company', [
+                    'parent' => $parent->name,
+                    'parent_company' => $parent->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                    'location_company' => $location->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                ]));
+            }
+        }
+
         if ($request->has('use_cloned_image')) {
             $cloned_model_img = Location::select('image')->find($request->input('clone_image_from_id'));
             if ($cloned_model_img) {
@@ -171,21 +176,34 @@ class LocationsController extends Controller
         $location->tag_color = $request->input('tag_color');
         $location->notes = $request->input('notes');
 
-        // Only scope the location if the setting is enabled
         if (Setting::getSettings()->scope_locations_fmcs) {
             $location->company_id = Company::getIdForCurrentUser($request->input('company_id'));
             // check if there are related objects with different company
-            if (Helper::test_locations_fmcs(false, $location->id, $location->company_id)) {
-                return redirect()->back()->withInput()->withInput()->with('error', 'error scoped locations');
-            }
-            // check if parent is set and has a different company
-            if ($location->parent_id && Location::find($location->parent_id)->company_id != $location->company_id) {
-                return redirect()->back()->withInput()->withInput()->with('error', 'different company than parent');
+            if ($mismatched = Helper::test_locations_fmcs(false, $location->id, $location->company_id)) {
+                $first = $mismatched[0];
+
+                return redirect()->back()->withInput()->with('error', trans('general.error_location_scoped_items', [
+                    'item_type' => trans('general.'.strtolower($first[0])),
+                    'item_name' => $first[2],
+                    'item_company' => $first[5] ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                ]));
             }
         } else {
             $location->company_id = $request->input('company_id');
         }
 
+        // Parent company check applies whenever FMCS is on, independent of scope_locations_fmcs.
+        if (Setting::getSettings()->full_multiple_companies_support) {
+            $parent = $location->parent_id ? Location::find($location->parent_id) : null;
+            if ($parent && $parent->company_id != $location->company_id) {
+                return redirect()->back()->withInput()->with('error', trans('general.error_location_parent_company', [
+                    'parent' => $parent->name,
+                    'parent_company' => $parent->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                    'location_company' => $location->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                ]));
+            }
+        }
+
         $location = $request->handleImages($location);
 
         if ($location->save()) {
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/SettingsController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/SettingsController.php
index a3d653eaa1..5420152a41 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/SettingsController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/SettingsController.php
@@ -93,10 +93,12 @@ class SettingsController extends Controller
         $old_locations_fmcs = $setting->scope_locations_fmcs;
         $setting->full_multiple_companies_support = $request->input('full_multiple_companies_support', '0');
         $setting->scope_locations_fmcs = $request->input('scope_locations_fmcs', '0');
+        $setting->null_company_is_floater = $request->input('null_company_is_floater', '0');
 
-        // Backward compatibility for locations makes no sense without FullMultipleCompanySupport
+        // These options make no sense without FullMultipleCompanySupport
         if (! $setting->full_multiple_companies_support) {
             $setting->scope_locations_fmcs = '0';
+            $setting->null_company_is_floater = '0';
         }
 
         // check for inconsistencies when activating scoped locations
diff --git a/app/Importer/AssetImporter.php b/app/Importer/AssetImporter.php
index e56ebde78a..bd8cce65a7 100644
--- a/app/Importer/AssetImporter.php
+++ b/app/Importer/AssetImporter.php
@@ -214,16 +214,25 @@ class AssetImporter extends ItemImporter
             // -- the class that needs to use it (command importer or GUI importer inside the project).
             if (isset($target) && ($target !== false)) {
                 $asset = $asset->fresh();
-                $targetType = get_class($target);
-                $alreadyCheckedOutToTarget = ($asset->assigned_to == $target->id) && ($asset->assigned_type === $targetType);
 
-                // Skip duplicate checkout noise when update mode keeps the same assignment target.
-                if (! $alreadyCheckedOutToTarget) {
-                    if (! is_null($asset->assigned_to)) {
-                        event(new CheckoutableCheckedIn($asset, $asset->assigned, auth()->user(), 'Checkin from CSV Importer', $checkin_date));
+                if (! $asset->canCheckoutTo($target)) {
+                    $this->log(trans('general.error_checkout_company_mismatch', [
+                        'item' => trans('general.asset').' "'.$asset->display_name.'"',
+                        'item_company' => $asset->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                        'target' => ($target->name ?? $target->username ?? $target->id),
+                    ]));
+                } else {
+                    $targetType = get_class($target);
+                    $alreadyCheckedOutToTarget = ($asset->assigned_to == $target->id) && ($asset->assigned_type === $targetType);
+
+                    // Skip duplicate checkout noise when update mode keeps the same assignment target.
+                    if (! $alreadyCheckedOutToTarget) {
+                        if (! is_null($asset->assigned_to)) {
+                            event(new CheckoutableCheckedIn($asset, $asset->assigned, auth()->user(), 'Checkin from CSV Importer', $checkin_date));
+                        }
+
+                        $asset->checkOut($target, $this->created_by, $checkout_date, null, 'Checkout from CSV Importer', $asset->name);
                     }
-
-                    $asset->checkOut($target, $this->created_by, $checkout_date, null, 'Checkout from CSV Importer', $asset->name);
                 }
             }
 
diff --git a/app/Importer/ComponentImporter.php b/app/Importer/ComponentImporter.php
index 5066c8eb2b..0145997745 100644
--- a/app/Importer/ComponentImporter.php
+++ b/app/Importer/ComponentImporter.php
@@ -59,13 +59,21 @@ class ComponentImporter extends ItemImporter
 
             // If we have an asset tag, checkout to that asset.
             if (isset($this->item['asset_tag']) && ($asset = Asset::where('asset_tag', $this->item['asset_tag'])->first())) {
-                $component->assets()->attach($component->id, [
-                    'component_id' => $component->id,
-                    'created_by' => auth()->id(),
-                    'created_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
-                    'assigned_qty' => 1, // Only assign the first one to the asset
-                    'asset_id' => $asset->id,
-                ]);
+                if (! $component->canCheckoutTo($asset)) {
+                    $this->log(trans('general.error_checkout_company_mismatch', [
+                        'item' => trans('general.component').' "'.$component->name.'"',
+                        'item_company' => $component->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                        'target' => trans('general.asset').' "'.$asset->display_name.'"',
+                    ]));
+                } else {
+                    $component->assets()->attach($component->id, [
+                        'component_id' => $component->id,
+                        'created_by' => auth()->id(),
+                        'created_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
+                        'assigned_qty' => 1, // Only assign the first one to the asset
+                        'asset_id' => $asset->id,
+                    ]);
+                }
             }
 
             return;
diff --git a/app/Importer/ItemImporter.php b/app/Importer/ItemImporter.php
index 5cfa8973ca..dc19cf076f 100644
--- a/app/Importer/ItemImporter.php
+++ b/app/Importer/ItemImporter.php
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ class ItemImporter extends Importer
         $this->item['qty'] = $this->findCsvMatch($row, 'quantity');
         $this->item['requestable'] = $this->findCsvMatch($row, 'requestable');
         $this->item['created_by'] = auth()->id();
+        $this->item['asset_tag'] = $this->findCsvMatch($row, 'asset_tag');
         $this->item['serial'] = $this->findCsvMatch($row, 'serial');
         $this->item['item_no'] = trim($this->findCsvMatch($row, 'item_no'));
 
diff --git a/app/Importer/LicenseImporter.php b/app/Importer/LicenseImporter.php
index 101adc3b41..d637d9084e 100644
--- a/app/Importer/LicenseImporter.php
+++ b/app/Importer/LicenseImporter.php
@@ -106,16 +106,32 @@ class LicenseImporter extends ItemImporter
                 }
 
                 if ($checkout_target) {
-                    $targetLicense->assigned_to = $checkout_target->id;
-                    $targetLicense->created_by = auth()->id();
-                    if ($asset) {
-                        $targetLicense->asset_id = $asset->id;
+                    if (! $license->canCheckoutTo($checkout_target)) {
+                        $this->log(trans('general.error_checkout_company_mismatch', [
+                            'item' => trans('general.license').' "'.$license->name.'"',
+                            'item_company' => $license->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                            'target' => ($checkout_target->name ?? $checkout_target->username ?? $checkout_target->id),
+                        ]));
+                    } else {
+                        $targetLicense->assigned_to = $checkout_target->id;
+                        $targetLicense->created_by = auth()->id();
+                        if ($asset) {
+                            $targetLicense->asset_id = $asset->id;
+                        }
+                        $targetLicense->save();
                     }
-                    $targetLicense->save();
                 } elseif ($asset) {
-                    $targetLicense->created_by = auth()->id();
-                    $targetLicense->asset_id = $asset->id;
-                    $targetLicense->save();
+                    if (! $license->canCheckoutTo($asset)) {
+                        $this->log(trans('general.error_checkout_company_mismatch', [
+                            'item' => trans('general.license').' "'.$license->name.'"',
+                            'item_company' => $license->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                            'target' => trans('general.asset').' "'.$asset->display_name.'"',
+                        ]));
+                    } else {
+                        $targetLicense->created_by = auth()->id();
+                        $targetLicense->asset_id = $asset->id;
+                        $targetLicense->save();
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
diff --git a/app/Models/Company.php b/app/Models/Company.php
index 9c7a48878b..c32dd3d222 100644
--- a/app/Models/Company.php
+++ b/app/Models/Company.php
@@ -398,10 +398,17 @@ final class Company extends SnipeModel
             return $query->whereIn('companies.id', $companyIds);
         }
 
+        $floater = Setting::getSettings()->null_company_is_floater;
+
         // Users are scoped by pivot membership (company_user), not by company_id column,
         // since a user may belong to multiple companies and company_id alone is insufficient.
         if ($query->getModel()->getTable() == 'users') {
             if (empty($companyIds)) {
+                // Floater: actor has no company and is unrestricted — see everyone.
+                if ($floater) {
+                    return $query;
+                }
+
                 // No pivot memberships: mirror old null-company behavior — show only users
                 // who are also not in any company via the pivot.
                 return $query->whereNotIn('users.id', function ($sub) {
@@ -409,6 +416,15 @@ final class Company extends SnipeModel
                 });
             }
 
+            // Floater: also include users with no company associations (they float). They all float down here, Georgie.).
+            if ($floater) {
+                return $query->where(function ($q) use ($companyIds) {
+                    $q->whereIn('users.id', function ($sub) use ($companyIds) {
+                        $sub->select('user_id')->from('company_user')->whereIn('company_id', $companyIds);
+                    })->orWhereDoesntHave('companies');
+                });
+            }
+
             return $query->whereIn('users.id', function ($sub) use ($companyIds) {
                 $sub->select('user_id')->from('company_user')->whereIn('company_id', $companyIds);
             });
@@ -419,6 +435,11 @@ final class Company extends SnipeModel
             $table = ($table_name) ? $table_name.'.' : $query->getModel()->getTable().'.';
 
             if (empty($companyIds)) {
+                // Floater: actor has no company and is unrestricted — see everything.
+                if ($floater) {
+                    return $query;
+                }
+
                 return $query->whereNull($table.$column);
             }
 
@@ -432,10 +453,36 @@ final class Company extends SnipeModel
                 });
             }
 
+            // Floater: null-company items are visible to users from any company.
+            if ($floater) {
+                return $query->where(function ($q) use ($table, $column, $companyIds) {
+                    $q->whereIn($table.$column, $companyIds)
+                        ->orWhereNull($table.$column);
+                });
+            }
+
             return $query->whereIn($table.$column, $companyIds);
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Scope a users query to those belonging to the given company IDs, respecting floater mode.
+     *
+     * Extracted from controller-level inline logic so the same rule is enforced consistently
+     * everywhere users are filtered by a specific set of company IDs (e.g. select2 dropdowns).
+     */
+    public static function scopeUsersByCompanyIds($query, array $companyIds): mixed
+    {
+        if (Setting::getSettings()->null_company_is_floater) {
+            return $query->where(function ($q) use ($companyIds) {
+                $q->whereHas('companies', fn ($q2) => $q2->whereIn('companies.id', $companyIds))
+                    ->orWhereDoesntHave('companies');
+            });
+        }
+
+        return $query->whereHas('companies', fn ($q) => $q->whereIn('companies.id', $companyIds));
+    }
+
     /**
      * I legit do not know what this method does, but we can't remove it (yet).
      *
diff --git a/app/Models/Traits/CompanyableTrait.php b/app/Models/Traits/CompanyableTrait.php
index 4d891d05d3..2c00fc5698 100644
--- a/app/Models/Traits/CompanyableTrait.php
+++ b/app/Models/Traits/CompanyableTrait.php
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 namespace App\Models\Traits;
 
 use App\Models\CompanyableScope;
+use App\Models\Setting;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
 trait CompanyableTrait
 {
@@ -18,4 +21,41 @@ trait CompanyableTrait
     {
         static::addGlobalScope(new CompanyableScope);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether this item may be checked out to the given target under FMCS rules.
+     *
+     * Returns true when:
+     *  - FMCS is disabled, OR
+     *  - this item has no company (uncompanied items are unrestricted), OR
+     *  - target is a User whose company pivot includes this item's company, OR
+     *  - target has no company and null_company_is_floater is enabled, OR
+     *  - target's company_id exactly matches this item's company_id.
+     */
+    public function canCheckoutTo(Model $target): bool
+    {
+        $settings = Setting::getSettings();
+
+        if (! $settings->full_multiple_companies_support) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (! $this->company_id) {
+            if (is_null($target->company_id)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return (bool) $settings->null_company_is_floater;
+        }
+
+        if ($target instanceof User) {
+            return $target->canReceiveFromCompany((int) $this->company_id);
+        }
+
+        if (is_null($target->company_id)) {
+            return (bool) $settings->null_company_is_floater;
+        }
+
+        return (int) $target->company_id === (int) $this->company_id;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/app/Models/User.php b/app/Models/User.php
index 61a4714369..e43f45cc23 100644
--- a/app/Models/User.php
+++ b/app/Models/User.php
@@ -634,22 +634,22 @@ class User extends SnipeModel implements AuthenticatableContract, AuthorizableCo
      */
     public function canReceiveFromCompany(int $companyId): bool
     {
+        // Items with no company association are unrestricted — anyone can receive them.
+        if (! $companyId) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
         // Query the pivot directly to avoid the Company model's FMCS global scope,
         // which would restrict results to the current actor's visible companies.
         $userCompanyIds = DB::table('company_user')
             ->where('user_id', $this->id)
             ->pluck('company_id');
 
-        if ($userCompanyIds->contains($companyId)) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        // User has no company associations — don't enforce.
         if ($userCompanyIds->isEmpty()) {
-            return true;
+            return (bool) Setting::getSettings()->null_company_is_floater;
         }
 
-        return false;
+        return $userCompanyIds->contains($companyId);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/app/Providers/ValidationServiceProvider.php b/app/Providers/ValidationServiceProvider.php
index 50d8082af9..26befdc8fa 100644
--- a/app/Providers/ValidationServiceProvider.php
+++ b/app/Providers/ValidationServiceProvider.php
@@ -349,6 +349,20 @@ class ValidationServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
             return in_array($value, $options);
         });
 
+        Validator::replacer('fmcs_location', function ($message, $attribute, $rule, $parameters, $validator) {
+            $locationId = $validator->getData()[$attribute] ?? null;
+            $location = $locationId ? Location::find($locationId) : null;
+
+            return str_replace(
+                [':location', ':location_company'],
+                [
+                    $location?->name ?? '?',
+                    $location?->company?->name ?? trans('general.unassigned'),
+                ],
+                $message
+            );
+        });
+
         // Validates that the company of the validated object matches the company of the location in case of scoped locations
         Validator::extend('fmcs_location', function ($attribute, $value, $parameters, $validator) {
             $settings = Setting::getSettings();
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_06_10_000001_add_null_company_is_floater_to_settings.php b/database/migrations/2026_06_10_000001_add_null_company_is_floater_to_settings.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a106020236
--- /dev/null
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_06_10_000001_add_null_company_is_floater_to_settings.php
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('settings', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->boolean('null_company_is_floater')->default(false)->after('scope_locations_fmcs');
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('settings', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->dropColumn('null_company_is_floater');
+        });
+    }
+};
diff --git a/resources/lang/en-US/admin/settings/general.php b/resources/lang/en-US/admin/settings/general.php
index d0db5f1c25..54e76cca54 100644
--- a/resources/lang/en-US/admin/settings/general.php
+++ b/resources/lang/en-US/admin/settings/general.php
@@ -180,6 +180,8 @@ return [
     'scope_locations_fmcs_check_button' => 'Check Compatibility',
     'scope_locations_fmcs_test_needed' => 'Please Check Compatibility to enable this',
     'scope_locations_fmcs_support_disabled_text' => 'This option is disabled because you have conflicting locations set for :count or more items.',
+    'null_company_is_floater_text' => 'Treat items and users without company associations as floaters',
+    'null_company_is_floater_help_text' => 'When disabled, items can only be checked out to targets without a company association if the item also has no company - null is treated as its own pseudo-company. When enabled, items from any company can be checked out to targets with no company assignment.',
     'show_in_model_list' => 'Show in Model Dropdowns',
     'optional' => 'optional',
     'per_page' => 'Results Per Page',
diff --git a/resources/lang/en-US/general.php b/resources/lang/en-US/general.php
index 38714e6af2..134698629d 100644
--- a/resources/lang/en-US/general.php
+++ b/resources/lang/en-US/general.php
@@ -587,6 +587,9 @@ return [
     'error_user_company' => 'Checkout target company and asset company do not match',
     'error_user_company_multiple' => 'One or more of the checkout target company and asset company do not match',
     'error_user_company_accept_view' => 'An Asset assigned to you belongs to a different company so you can\'t accept nor deny it, please check with your manager',
+    'error_checkout_company_mismatch' => ':item cannot be checked out to :target — :item belongs to :item_company',
+    'error_location_scoped_items' => 'This location cannot be saved. :item_type ":item_name" (Company: :item_company) does not match this location\'s company.',
+    'error_location_parent_company' => 'Parent location ":parent" belongs to :parent_company, but this location belongs to :location_company.',
     'error_assets_already_checked_out' => 'One or more of the assets are already checked out',
     'assigned_assets_removed' => 'The following were removed from the selected assets because they are already checked out',
     'unassigned_assets_removed' => 'The following were removed from the selected assets because they are not currently checked out',
diff --git a/resources/lang/en-US/validation.php b/resources/lang/en-US/validation.php
index eccd1abb08..7ae4cb26d3 100644
--- a/resources/lang/en-US/validation.php
+++ b/resources/lang/en-US/validation.php
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ return [
     'ulid' => 'The :attribute field must be a valid ULID.',
     'uuid' => 'The :attribute field must be a valid UUID.',
     'valid_css_color' => 'The :attribute field must be a valid CSS color (hex, rgb, rgba, hsl, or hsla).',
-    'fmcs_location' => 'Full multiple company support and location scoping is enabled in the Admin Settings, and the selected location and selected company are not compatible.',
+    'fmcs_location' => 'Location ":location" belongs to :location_company, which does not match the selected company.',
     'is_unique_across_company_and_location' => 'The :attribute must be unique within the selected company and location.',
 
     /*
diff --git a/resources/views/settings/general.blade.php b/resources/views/settings/general.blade.php
index cd84969794..d807b521be 100644
--- a/resources/views/settings/general.blade.php
+++ b/resources/views/settings/general.blade.php
@@ -61,6 +61,21 @@
                             </div>
                             <!-- /.form-group -->
 
+                            <!-- Null Company Is Floater -->
+                            <div class="form-group {{ $errors->has('null_company_is_floater') ? 'error' : '' }}">
+                                <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-3">
+                                    <label class="form-control">
+                                        <input type="checkbox" name="null_company_is_floater" value="1" @checked(old('null_company_is_floater', $setting->null_company_is_floater)) aria-label="null_company_is_floater" @disabled(! $setting->full_multiple_companies_support) />
+                                        {{ trans('admin/settings/general.null_company_is_floater_text') }}
+                                    </label>
+                                    {!! $errors->first('null_company_is_floater', '<span class="alert-msg" aria-hidden="true">:message</span>') !!}
+                                    <p class="help-block">
+                                        {{ trans('admin/settings/general.null_company_is_floater_help_text') }}
+                                    </p>
+                                </div>
+                            </div>
+                            <!-- /.form-group -->
+
                        </fieldset>
 
                        <fieldset>
diff --git a/tests/Feature/Accessories/Ui/CheckoutAccessoryTest.php b/tests/Feature/Accessories/Ui/CheckoutAccessoryTest.php
index 7c41d3aa49..97881ce1a7 100644
--- a/tests/Feature/Accessories/Ui/CheckoutAccessoryTest.php
+++ b/tests/Feature/Accessories/Ui/CheckoutAccessoryTest.php
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class CheckoutAccessoryTest extends TestCase
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function test_checkout_to_user_succeeds_when_accessory_has_no_company_with_fmcs_enabled()
+    public function test_checkout_to_user_is_blocked_when_accessory_has_no_company_with_fmcs_enabled_without_floater()
     {
         $accessory = Accessory::factory()->create(['qty' => 5, 'company_id' => null]);
         [$companyA] = Company::factory()->count(1)->create();
@@ -71,6 +71,33 @@ class CheckoutAccessoryTest extends TestCase
         $user->companies()->sync([$companyA->id]);
 
         $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+        $this->settings->disableFloaterMode();
+
+        $actor = User::factory()->superuser()->create();
+
+        $this->actingAs($actor)
+            ->post(route('accessories.checkout.store', $accessory), [
+                'checkout_to_type' => 'user',
+                'assigned_user' => $user->id,
+                'checkout_qty' => 1,
+                'redirect_option' => 'index',
+            ])
+            ->assertRedirect();
+
+        $this->assertDatabaseMissing('accessories_checkout', [
+            'accessory_id' => $accessory->id,
+            'assigned_to' => $user->id,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function test_checkout_to_user_succeeds_when_accessory_has_no_company_with_floater_enabled()
+    {
+        $accessory = Accessory::factory()->create(['qty' => 5, 'company_id' => null]);
+        [$companyA] = Company::factory()->count(1)->create();
+        $user = User::factory()->for($companyA)->create();
+        $user->companies()->sync([$companyA->id]);
+
+        $this->settings->enableFloaterMode();
 
         $actor = User::factory()->superuser()->create();
 
@@ -114,13 +141,63 @@ class CheckoutAccessoryTest extends TestCase
         ]);
     }
 
+    public function test_checkout_to_null_company_user_blocked_in_strict_mode()
+    {
+        [$companyA] = Company::factory()->count(1)->create();
+        $accessory = Accessory::factory()->for($companyA)->create(['qty' => 5]);
+        $nullCompanyUser = User::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $actor = User::factory()->superuser()->create();
+
+        $this->actingAs($actor)
+            ->post(route('accessories.checkout.store', $accessory), [
+                'checkout_to_type' => 'user',
+                'assigned_user' => $nullCompanyUser->id,
+                'checkout_qty' => 1,
+                'redirect_option' => 'index',
+            ])
+            ->assertRedirect();
+
+        $this->assertDatabaseMissing('accessories_checkout', [
+            'accessory_id' => $accessory->id,
+            'assigned_to' => $nullCompanyUser->id,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function test_checkout_to_null_company_user_succeeds_in_floater_mode()
+    {
+        [$companyA] = Company::factory()->count(1)->create();
+        $accessory = Accessory::factory()->for($companyA)->create(['qty' => 5]);
+        $nullCompanyUser = User::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+
+        $this->settings->enableFloaterMode();
+
+        $actor = User::factory()->superuser()->create();
+
+        $this->actingAs($actor)
+            ->post(route('accessories.checkout.store', $accessory), [
+                'checkout_to_type' => 'user',
+                'assigned_user' => $nullCompanyUser->id,
+                'checkout_qty' => 1,
+                'redirect_option' => 'index',
+            ])
+            ->assertRedirect();
+
+        $this->assertDatabaseHas('accessories_checkout', [
+            'accessory_id' => $accessory->id,
+            'assigned_to' => $nullCompanyUser->id,
+        ]);
+    }
+
     public function test_checkout_to_location_does_not_throw_when_fmcs_enabled()
     {
         [$companyA] = Company::factory()->count(1)->create();
         $accessory = Accessory::factory()->for($companyA)->create(['qty' => 5]);
         $location = Location::factory()->create();
 
-        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+        $this->settings->enableFloaterMode();
 
         $actor = User::factory()->superuser()->create();
 
diff --git a/tests/Feature/Checkouts/Api/AssetCheckoutTest.php b/tests/Feature/Checkouts/Api/AssetCheckoutTest.php
index 6777e34e50..cbba06287e 100644
--- a/tests/Feature/Checkouts/Api/AssetCheckoutTest.php
+++ b/tests/Feature/Checkouts/Api/AssetCheckoutTest.php
@@ -335,8 +335,8 @@ class AssetCheckoutTest extends TestCase
 
     public function test_asset_can_be_checked_out_to_user_with_no_company_when_fmcs_enabled()
     {
-        // Users with no company associations should not be blocked — they're unrestricted.
-        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+        // In floater mode, users with no company associations can receive items from any company.
+        $this->settings->enableFloaterMode();
 
         $company = Company::factory()->create();
         // Actor is in the same company as the asset.
@@ -408,4 +408,46 @@ class AssetCheckoutTest extends TestCase
 
         $this->assertTrue((bool) $asset->fresh()->requestable);
     }
+
+    public function test_null_company_asset_cannot_be_checked_out_to_companied_user_when_fmcs_enabled_without_floater()
+    {
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+        $this->settings->disableFloaterMode();
+
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $actor = User::factory()->superuser()->create();
+        $nullCompanyAsset = Asset::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+        $companiedUser = User::factory()->for($company)->create();
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi($actor)
+            ->postJson(route('api.asset.checkout', $nullCompanyAsset), [
+                'checkout_to_type' => 'user',
+                'assigned_user' => $companiedUser->id,
+            ])
+            ->assertOk()
+            ->assertStatusMessageIs('error')
+            ->assertMessagesAre(trans('general.error_user_company'));
+
+        $this->assertNull($nullCompanyAsset->fresh()->assigned_to);
+    }
+
+    public function test_null_company_asset_can_be_checked_out_to_companied_user_when_floater_enabled()
+    {
+        $this->settings->enableFloaterMode();
+
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $actor = User::factory()->superuser()->create();
+        $nullCompanyAsset = Asset::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+        $companiedUser = User::factory()->for($company)->create();
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi($actor)
+            ->postJson(route('api.asset.checkout', $nullCompanyAsset), [
+                'checkout_to_type' => 'user',
+                'assigned_user' => $companiedUser->id,
+            ])
+            ->assertOk()
+            ->assertStatusMessageIs('success');
+
+        $this->assertEquals($companiedUser->id, $nullCompanyAsset->fresh()->assigned_to);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Feature/Console/TestLocationsFmcsTest.php b/tests/Feature/Console/TestLocationsFmcsTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..250ed21f6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Feature/Console/TestLocationsFmcsTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Feature\Console;
+
+use App\Helpers\Helper;
+use App\Models\Asset;
+use App\Models\Company;
+use App\Models\Location;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+class TestLocationsFmcsTest extends TestCase
+{
+    private function mismatchedIds(array $mismatched): array
+    {
+        return array_column($mismatched, 1); // column 1 is the item ID
+    }
+
+    private function assetAt(Location $location, array $attrs = []): Asset
+    {
+        // Pin both location_id and rtd_location_id to prevent AssetFactory from
+        // generating a random rtd_location with no company that would cause false mismatches.
+        return Asset::factory()->create(array_merge([
+            'location_id' => $location->id,
+            'rtd_location_id' => $location->id,
+        ], $attrs));
+    }
+
+    public function test_item_at_location_with_same_company_is_not_flagged()
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $location = Location::factory()->for($company)->create();
+        $asset = $this->assetAt($location, ['company_id' => $company->id]);
+
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $result = Helper::test_locations_fmcs(true);
+
+        $this->assertNotContains($asset->id, $this->mismatchedIds($result));
+    }
+
+    public function test_item_at_location_with_different_company_is_flagged()
+    {
+        [$companyA, $companyB] = Company::factory()->count(2)->create();
+        $location = Location::factory()->for($companyA)->create();
+        $asset = $this->assetAt($location, ['company_id' => $companyB->id]);
+
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $result = Helper::test_locations_fmcs(true);
+
+        $this->assertContains($asset->id, $this->mismatchedIds($result));
+    }
+
+    public function test_null_company_item_at_company_location_is_flagged_in_strict_mode()
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $location = Location::factory()->for($company)->create();
+        $asset = $this->assetAt($location, ['company_id' => null]);
+
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $result = Helper::test_locations_fmcs(true);
+
+        $this->assertContains($asset->id, $this->mismatchedIds($result));
+    }
+
+    public function test_null_company_item_at_company_location_is_not_flagged_in_floater_mode()
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $location = Location::factory()->for($company)->create();
+        $asset = $this->assetAt($location, ['company_id' => null]);
+
+        $this->settings->enableFloaterMode();
+
+        $result = Helper::test_locations_fmcs(true);
+
+        $this->assertNotContains($asset->id, $this->mismatchedIds($result));
+    }
+
+    public function test_company_item_at_null_company_location_is_flagged_in_strict_mode()
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $location = Location::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+        $asset = $this->assetAt($location, ['company_id' => $company->id]);
+
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $result = Helper::test_locations_fmcs(true);
+
+        $this->assertContains($asset->id, $this->mismatchedIds($result));
+    }
+
+    public function test_company_item_at_null_company_location_is_not_flagged_in_floater_mode()
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $location = Location::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+        $asset = $this->assetAt($location, ['company_id' => $company->id]);
+
+        $this->settings->enableFloaterMode();
+
+        $result = Helper::test_locations_fmcs(true);
+
+        $this->assertNotContains($asset->id, $this->mismatchedIds($result));
+    }
+
+    public function test_null_company_item_at_null_company_location_is_never_flagged()
+    {
+        $location = Location::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+        $asset = $this->assetAt($location, ['company_id' => null]);
+
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $result = Helper::test_locations_fmcs(true);
+
+        $this->assertNotContains($asset->id, $this->mismatchedIds($result));
+    }
+
+    public function test_user_at_location_with_matching_company_is_not_flagged()
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $location = Location::factory()->for($company)->create();
+        $user = User::factory()->create(['location_id' => $location->id]);
+        $user->companies()->sync([$company->id]);
+
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $result = Helper::test_locations_fmcs(true);
+
+        $this->assertNotContains($user->id, $this->mismatchedIds($result));
+    }
+
+    public function test_user_at_location_with_different_company_is_flagged()
+    {
+        [$companyA, $companyB] = Company::factory()->count(2)->create();
+        $location = Location::factory()->for($companyA)->create();
+        $user = User::factory()->create(['location_id' => $location->id]);
+        $user->companies()->sync([$companyB->id]);
+
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $result = Helper::test_locations_fmcs(true);
+
+        $this->assertContains($user->id, $this->mismatchedIds($result));
+    }
+
+    public function test_null_company_user_at_company_location_is_flagged_in_strict_mode()
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $location = Location::factory()->for($company)->create();
+        $user = User::factory()->create(['company_id' => null, 'location_id' => $location->id]);
+        $user->companies()->sync([]);
+
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $result = Helper::test_locations_fmcs(true);
+
+        $this->assertContains($user->id, $this->mismatchedIds($result));
+    }
+
+    public function test_null_company_user_at_company_location_is_not_flagged_in_floater_mode()
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $location = Location::factory()->for($company)->create();
+        $user = User::factory()->create(['company_id' => null, 'location_id' => $location->id]);
+        $user->companies()->sync([]);
+
+        $this->settings->enableFloaterMode();
+
+        $result = Helper::test_locations_fmcs(true);
+
+        $this->assertNotContains($user->id, $this->mismatchedIds($result));
+    }
+
+    public function test_location_id_option_scopes_check_to_single_location()
+    {
+        [$companyA, $companyB] = Company::factory()->count(2)->create();
+        $locationA = Location::factory()->for($companyA)->create();
+        $locationB = Location::factory()->for($companyB)->create();
+        $assetA = $this->assetAt($locationA, ['company_id' => $companyB->id]); // mismatch at A
+        $assetB = $this->assetAt($locationB, ['company_id' => $companyA->id]); // mismatch at B
+
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $result = Helper::test_locations_fmcs(true, $locationA->id);
+
+        $this->assertContains($assetA->id, $this->mismatchedIds($result));
+        $this->assertNotContains($assetB->id, $this->mismatchedIds($result));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Feature/Importing/Api/ImportAssetsTest.php b/tests/Feature/Importing/Api/ImportAssetsTest.php
index 3f88f33e3c..54e95293e2 100644
--- a/tests/Feature/Importing/Api/ImportAssetsTest.php
+++ b/tests/Feature/Importing/Api/ImportAssetsTest.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace Tests\Feature\Importing\Api;
 
 use App\Models\Actionlog as ActionLog;
 use App\Models\Asset;
+use App\Models\Company;
 use App\Models\CustomField;
 use App\Models\Import;
 use App\Models\User;
@@ -641,4 +642,88 @@ class ImportAssetsTest extends ImportDataTestCase implements TestsPermissionsReq
 
         $this->assertNotEquals($encryptedMacAddress, $macAddress);
     }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function import_asset_checkout_is_blocked_when_fmcs_companies_differ(): void
+    {
+        [$companyA, $companyB] = Company::factory()->count(2)->create();
+        $user = User::factory()->for($companyB)->create();
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $importFileBuilder = ImportFileBuilder::new([
+            'companyName' => $companyA->name,
+            'assigneeUsername' => $user->username,
+        ]);
+
+        $import = Import::factory()->asset()->create(['file_path' => $importFileBuilder->saveToImportsDirectory()]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create());
+        $this->importFileResponse(['import' => $import->id])->assertOk();
+
+        $newAsset = Asset::where('serial', $importFileBuilder->firstRow()['serialNumber'])->sole();
+        $this->assertNull($newAsset->assigned_to, 'Asset should not be checked out when item and user companies differ under FMCS');
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function import_asset_checkout_is_allowed_when_fmcs_companies_match(): void
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $user = User::factory()->for($company)->create();
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $importFileBuilder = ImportFileBuilder::new([
+            'companyName' => $company->name,
+            'assigneeUsername' => $user->username,
+        ]);
+
+        $import = Import::factory()->asset()->create(['file_path' => $importFileBuilder->saveToImportsDirectory()]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create());
+        $this->importFileResponse(['import' => $import->id])->assertOk();
+
+        $newAsset = Asset::where('serial', $importFileBuilder->firstRow()['serialNumber'])->sole();
+        $this->assertEquals($user->id, $newAsset->assigned_to, 'Asset should be checked out when companies match under FMCS');
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function import_asset_checkout_is_blocked_when_floater_disabled_and_user_has_no_company(): void
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $user = User::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport()->disableFloaterMode();
+
+        $importFileBuilder = ImportFileBuilder::new([
+            'companyName' => $company->name,
+            'assigneeUsername' => $user->username,
+        ]);
+
+        $import = Import::factory()->asset()->create(['file_path' => $importFileBuilder->saveToImportsDirectory()]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create());
+        $this->importFileResponse(['import' => $import->id])->assertOk();
+
+        $newAsset = Asset::where('serial', $importFileBuilder->firstRow()['serialNumber'])->sole();
+        $this->assertNull($newAsset->assigned_to, 'Asset should not be checked out to a no-company user when floater mode is off');
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function import_asset_checkout_is_allowed_when_floater_enabled_and_user_has_no_company(): void
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $user = User::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+        $this->settings->enableFloaterMode();
+
+        $importFileBuilder = ImportFileBuilder::new([
+            'companyName' => $company->name,
+            'assigneeUsername' => $user->username,
+        ]);
+
+        $import = Import::factory()->asset()->create(['file_path' => $importFileBuilder->saveToImportsDirectory()]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create());
+        $this->importFileResponse(['import' => $import->id])->assertOk();
+
+        $newAsset = Asset::where('serial', $importFileBuilder->firstRow()['serialNumber'])->sole();
+        $this->assertEquals($user->id, $newAsset->assigned_to, 'Asset should be checked out to a no-company user when floater mode is on');
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Feature/Importing/Api/ImportComponentsTest.php b/tests/Feature/Importing/Api/ImportComponentsTest.php
index 9364ab3ca8..8c481f55a9 100644
--- a/tests/Feature/Importing/Api/ImportComponentsTest.php
+++ b/tests/Feature/Importing/Api/ImportComponentsTest.php
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 namespace Tests\Feature\Importing\Api;
 
 use App\Models\Actionlog as ActionLog;
+use App\Models\Asset;
+use App\Models\Company;
 use App\Models\Component;
 use App\Models\Import;
 use App\Models\User;
@@ -348,4 +350,88 @@ class ImportComponentsTest extends ImportDataTestCase implements TestsPermission
         $this->assertNull($newComponent->image);
         $this->assertNull($newComponent->notes);
     }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function import_component_checkout_to_asset_is_blocked_when_fmcs_companies_differ(): void
+    {
+        [$companyA, $companyB] = Company::factory()->count(2)->create();
+        $asset = Asset::factory()->for($companyB)->create();
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $importFileBuilder = ImportFileBuilder::new([
+            'companyName' => $companyA->name,
+            'assetTag' => $asset->asset_tag,
+        ]);
+
+        $import = Import::factory()->component()->create(['file_path' => $importFileBuilder->saveToImportsDirectory()]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create());
+        $this->importFileResponse(['import' => $import->id])->assertOk();
+
+        $newComponent = Component::where('serial', $importFileBuilder->firstRow()['serialNumber'])->sole();
+        $this->assertEquals(0, $newComponent->assets()->count(), 'Component should not be checked out when item and asset companies differ under FMCS');
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function import_component_checkout_to_asset_is_allowed_when_fmcs_companies_match(): void
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $asset = Asset::factory()->for($company)->create();
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $importFileBuilder = ImportFileBuilder::new([
+            'companyName' => $company->name,
+            'assetTag' => $asset->asset_tag,
+        ]);
+
+        $import = Import::factory()->component()->create(['file_path' => $importFileBuilder->saveToImportsDirectory()]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create());
+        $this->importFileResponse(['import' => $import->id])->assertOk();
+
+        $newComponent = Component::where('serial', $importFileBuilder->firstRow()['serialNumber'])->sole();
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $newComponent->assets()->count(), 'Component should be checked out when companies match under FMCS');
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function import_component_checkout_to_asset_is_blocked_when_floater_disabled_and_asset_has_no_company(): void
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $asset = Asset::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport()->disableFloaterMode();
+
+        $importFileBuilder = ImportFileBuilder::new([
+            'companyName' => $company->name,
+            'assetTag' => $asset->asset_tag,
+        ]);
+
+        $import = Import::factory()->component()->create(['file_path' => $importFileBuilder->saveToImportsDirectory()]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create());
+        $this->importFileResponse(['import' => $import->id])->assertOk();
+
+        $newComponent = Component::where('serial', $importFileBuilder->firstRow()['serialNumber'])->sole();
+        $this->assertEquals(0, $newComponent->assets()->count(), 'Component should not be checked out to a no-company asset when floater mode is off');
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function import_component_checkout_to_asset_is_allowed_when_floater_enabled_and_asset_has_no_company(): void
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $asset = Asset::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+        $this->settings->enableFloaterMode();
+
+        $importFileBuilder = ImportFileBuilder::new([
+            'companyName' => $company->name,
+            'assetTag' => $asset->asset_tag,
+        ]);
+
+        $import = Import::factory()->component()->create(['file_path' => $importFileBuilder->saveToImportsDirectory()]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create());
+        $this->importFileResponse(['import' => $import->id])->assertOk();
+
+        $newComponent = Component::where('serial', $importFileBuilder->firstRow()['serialNumber'])->sole();
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $newComponent->assets()->count(), 'Component should be checked out to a no-company asset when floater mode is on');
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Feature/Importing/Api/ImportLicenseTest.php b/tests/Feature/Importing/Api/ImportLicenseTest.php
index 8699689660..8dac1de093 100644
--- a/tests/Feature/Importing/Api/ImportLicenseTest.php
+++ b/tests/Feature/Importing/Api/ImportLicenseTest.php
@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@
 namespace Tests\Feature\Importing\Api;
 
 use App\Models\Actionlog as ActivityLog;
+use App\Models\Company;
 use App\Models\Import;
 use App\Models\License;
+use App\Models\LicenseSeat;
 use App\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithFaker;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
@@ -399,4 +401,96 @@ class ImportLicenseTest extends ImportDataTestCase implements TestsPermissionsRe
         $this->assertNull($newLicense->deprecate);
         $this->assertNull($newLicense->min_amt);
     }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function import_license_checkout_is_blocked_when_fmcs_companies_differ(): void
+    {
+        [$companyA, $companyB] = Company::factory()->count(2)->create();
+        $user = User::factory()->for($companyB)->create();
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $importFileBuilder = ImportFileBuilder::new([
+            'companyName' => $companyA->name,
+            'checkoutUsername' => $user->username,
+            'seats' => 5,
+        ]);
+
+        $import = Import::factory()->license()->create(['file_path' => $importFileBuilder->saveToImportsDirectory()]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create());
+        $this->importFileResponse(['import' => $import->id])->assertOk();
+
+        $license = License::where('serial', $importFileBuilder->firstRow()['serialNumber'])->sole();
+        $checkedOutSeat = LicenseSeat::where('license_id', $license->id)->whereNotNull('assigned_to')->first();
+        $this->assertNull($checkedOutSeat, 'License seat should not be checked out when item and user companies differ under FMCS');
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function import_license_checkout_is_allowed_when_fmcs_companies_match(): void
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $user = User::factory()->for($company)->create();
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $importFileBuilder = ImportFileBuilder::new([
+            'companyName' => $company->name,
+            'checkoutUsername' => $user->username,
+            'seats' => 5,
+        ]);
+
+        $import = Import::factory()->license()->create(['file_path' => $importFileBuilder->saveToImportsDirectory()]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create());
+        $this->importFileResponse(['import' => $import->id])->assertOk();
+
+        $license = License::where('serial', $importFileBuilder->firstRow()['serialNumber'])->sole();
+        $checkedOutSeat = LicenseSeat::where('license_id', $license->id)->where('assigned_to', $user->id)->first();
+        $this->assertNotNull($checkedOutSeat, 'License seat should be checked out when companies match under FMCS');
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function import_license_checkout_is_blocked_when_floater_disabled_and_user_has_no_company(): void
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $user = User::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport()->disableFloaterMode();
+
+        $importFileBuilder = ImportFileBuilder::new([
+            'companyName' => $company->name,
+            'checkoutUsername' => $user->username,
+            'seats' => 5,
+        ]);
+
+        $import = Import::factory()->license()->create(['file_path' => $importFileBuilder->saveToImportsDirectory()]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create());
+        $this->importFileResponse(['import' => $import->id])->assertOk();
+
+        $license = License::where('serial', $importFileBuilder->firstRow()['serialNumber'])->sole();
+        $checkedOutSeat = LicenseSeat::where('license_id', $license->id)->whereNotNull('assigned_to')->first();
+        $this->assertNull($checkedOutSeat, 'License seat should not be checked out to a no-company user when floater mode is off');
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function import_license_checkout_is_allowed_when_floater_enabled_and_user_has_no_company(): void
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $user = User::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+        $this->settings->enableFloaterMode();
+
+        $importFileBuilder = ImportFileBuilder::new([
+            'companyName' => $company->name,
+            'checkoutUsername' => $user->username,
+            'seats' => 5,
+        ]);
+
+        $import = Import::factory()->license()->create(['file_path' => $importFileBuilder->saveToImportsDirectory()]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create());
+        $this->importFileResponse(['import' => $import->id])->assertOk();
+
+        $license = License::where('serial', $importFileBuilder->firstRow()['serialNumber'])->sole();
+        $checkedOutSeat = LicenseSeat::where('license_id', $license->id)->where('assigned_to', $user->id)->first();
+        $this->assertNotNull($checkedOutSeat, 'License seat should be checked out to a no-company user when floater mode is on');
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Feature/Locations/Api/LocationParentCompanyTest.php b/tests/Feature/Locations/Api/LocationParentCompanyTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..94db08c976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Feature/Locations/Api/LocationParentCompanyTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Feature\Locations\Api;
+
+use App\Models\Company;
+use App\Models\Location;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Verifies that a location cannot be given a parent that belongs to a different
+ * company when FMCS is enabled, and that the check is bypassed when FMCS is off.
+ *
+ * The API update case also covers the scenario where only parent_id changes
+ * (company_id not included in the request), to ensure the check runs regardless.
+ */
+class LocationParentCompanyTest extends TestCase
+{
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // store (create)
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    public function test_cannot_create_location_with_cross_company_parent_when_fmcs_enabled()
+    {
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $acme   = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Acme']);
+        $globex = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Globex']);
+
+        $parentLocation = Location::factory()->create(['company_id' => $acme->id]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create())
+            ->postJson(route('api.locations.store'), [
+                'name'       => 'Location B',
+                'company_id' => $globex->id,
+                'parent_id'  => $parentLocation->id,
+            ])
+            ->assertOk()
+            ->assertStatusMessageIs('error');
+
+        $this->assertFalse(Location::where('name', 'Location B')->exists());
+    }
+
+    public function test_can_create_location_with_same_company_parent_when_fmcs_enabled()
+    {
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $acme = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Acme']);
+
+        $parentLocation = Location::factory()->create(['company_id' => $acme->id]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create())
+            ->postJson(route('api.locations.store'), [
+                'name'       => 'Location B',
+                'company_id' => $acme->id,
+                'parent_id'  => $parentLocation->id,
+            ])
+            ->assertOk()
+            ->assertStatusMessageIs('success');
+
+        $this->assertTrue(Location::where('name', 'Location B')->exists());
+    }
+
+    public function test_can_create_location_with_cross_company_parent_when_fmcs_disabled()
+    {
+        $this->settings->disableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $acme   = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Acme']);
+        $globex = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Globex']);
+
+        $parentLocation = Location::factory()->create(['company_id' => $acme->id]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create())
+            ->postJson(route('api.locations.store'), [
+                'name'       => 'Location B',
+                'company_id' => $globex->id,
+                'parent_id'  => $parentLocation->id,
+            ])
+            ->assertOk()
+            ->assertStatusMessageIs('success');
+
+        $this->assertTrue(Location::where('name', 'Location B')->exists());
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // update
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    public function test_cannot_update_location_to_cross_company_parent_when_fmcs_enabled()
+    {
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $acme   = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Acme']);
+        $globex = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Globex']);
+
+        $parentLocation = Location::factory()->create(['company_id' => $acme->id]);
+        $location       = Location::factory()->create(['name' => 'Location B', 'company_id' => $globex->id]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create())
+            ->patchJson(route('api.locations.update', $location), [
+                'name'       => 'Location B',
+                'company_id' => $globex->id,
+                'parent_id'  => $parentLocation->id,
+            ])
+            ->assertOk()
+            ->assertStatusMessageIs('error');
+
+        $this->assertNull($location->fresh()->parent_id);
+    }
+
+    public function test_cannot_update_location_parent_id_only_to_cross_company_parent_when_fmcs_enabled()
+    {
+        // Ensures the check fires even when company_id is not included in the request.
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $acme   = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Acme']);
+        $globex = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Globex']);
+
+        $parentLocation = Location::factory()->create(['company_id' => $acme->id]);
+        $location       = Location::factory()->create(['name' => 'Location B', 'company_id' => $globex->id]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create())
+            ->patchJson(route('api.locations.update', $location), [
+                'parent_id' => $parentLocation->id,
+            ])
+            ->assertOk()
+            ->assertStatusMessageIs('error');
+
+        $this->assertNull($location->fresh()->parent_id);
+    }
+
+    public function test_can_update_location_to_same_company_parent_when_fmcs_enabled()
+    {
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $acme = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Acme']);
+
+        $parentLocation = Location::factory()->create(['company_id' => $acme->id]);
+        $location       = Location::factory()->create(['name' => 'Location B', 'company_id' => $acme->id]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create())
+            ->patchJson(route('api.locations.update', $location), [
+                'name'       => 'Location B',
+                'company_id' => $acme->id,
+                'parent_id'  => $parentLocation->id,
+            ])
+            ->assertOk()
+            ->assertStatusMessageIs('success');
+
+        $this->assertEquals($parentLocation->id, $location->fresh()->parent_id);
+    }
+
+    public function test_can_update_location_to_cross_company_parent_when_fmcs_disabled()
+    {
+        $this->settings->disableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $acme   = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Acme']);
+        $globex = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Globex']);
+
+        $parentLocation = Location::factory()->create(['company_id' => $acme->id]);
+        $location       = Location::factory()->create(['name' => 'Location B', 'company_id' => $globex->id]);
+
+        $this->actingAsForApi(User::factory()->superuser()->create())
+            ->patchJson(route('api.locations.update', $location), [
+                'name'       => 'Location B',
+                'company_id' => $globex->id,
+                'parent_id'  => $parentLocation->id,
+            ])
+            ->assertOk()
+            ->assertStatusMessageIs('success');
+
+        $this->assertEquals($parentLocation->id, $location->fresh()->parent_id);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Feature/Locations/Ui/LocationParentCompanyTest.php b/tests/Feature/Locations/Ui/LocationParentCompanyTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..351e36a243
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Feature/Locations/Ui/LocationParentCompanyTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Feature\Locations\Ui;
+
+use App\Models\Company;
+use App\Models\Location;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Verifies that a location cannot be given a parent that belongs to a different
+ * company when FMCS is enabled, and that the check is bypassed when FMCS is off.
+ */
+class LocationParentCompanyTest extends TestCase
+{
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // store (create)
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    public function test_cannot_create_location_with_cross_company_parent_when_fmcs_enabled()
+    {
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $acme   = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Acme']);
+        $globex = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Globex']);
+
+        $parentLocation = Location::factory()->create(['company_id' => $acme->id]);
+
+        $this->actingAs(User::factory()->superuser()->create())
+            ->from(route('locations.create'))
+            ->post(route('locations.store'), [
+                'name'       => 'Location B',
+                'company_id' => $globex->id,
+                'parent_id'  => $parentLocation->id,
+            ])
+            ->assertRedirect(route('locations.create'))
+            ->assertSessionHas('error');
+
+        $this->assertFalse(Location::where('name', 'Location B')->exists());
+    }
+
+    public function test_can_create_location_with_same_company_parent_when_fmcs_enabled()
+    {
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $acme = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Acme']);
+
+        $parentLocation = Location::factory()->create(['company_id' => $acme->id]);
+
+        $this->actingAs(User::factory()->superuser()->create())
+            ->post(route('locations.store'), [
+                'name'       => 'Location B',
+                'company_id' => $acme->id,
+                'parent_id'  => $parentLocation->id,
+            ])
+            ->assertRedirect(route('locations.index'))
+            ->assertSessionHasNoErrors();
+
+        $this->assertTrue(Location::where('name', 'Location B')->exists());
+    }
+
+    public function test_can_create_location_with_cross_company_parent_when_fmcs_disabled()
+    {
+        $this->settings->disableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $acme   = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Acme']);
+        $globex = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Globex']);
+
+        $parentLocation = Location::factory()->create(['company_id' => $acme->id]);
+
+        $this->actingAs(User::factory()->superuser()->create())
+            ->post(route('locations.store'), [
+                'name'       => 'Location B',
+                'company_id' => $globex->id,
+                'parent_id'  => $parentLocation->id,
+            ])
+            ->assertRedirect(route('locations.index'))
+            ->assertSessionHasNoErrors();
+
+        $this->assertTrue(Location::where('name', 'Location B')->exists());
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // update (edit)
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    public function test_cannot_update_location_to_cross_company_parent_when_fmcs_enabled()
+    {
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $acme   = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Acme']);
+        $globex = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Globex']);
+
+        $parentLocation = Location::factory()->create(['company_id' => $acme->id]);
+        $location       = Location::factory()->create(['name' => 'Location B', 'company_id' => $globex->id]);
+
+        $this->actingAs(User::factory()->superuser()->create())
+            ->from(route('locations.edit', $location))
+            ->put(route('locations.update', $location), [
+                'name'       => 'Location B',
+                'company_id' => $globex->id,
+                'parent_id'  => $parentLocation->id,
+            ])
+            ->assertRedirect(route('locations.edit', $location))
+            ->assertSessionHas('error');
+
+        $this->assertNull($location->fresh()->parent_id);
+    }
+
+    public function test_can_update_location_to_same_company_parent_when_fmcs_enabled()
+    {
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $acme = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Acme']);
+
+        $parentLocation = Location::factory()->create(['company_id' => $acme->id]);
+        $location       = Location::factory()->create(['name' => 'Location B', 'company_id' => $acme->id]);
+
+        $this->actingAs(User::factory()->superuser()->create())
+            ->put(route('locations.update', $location), [
+                'name'       => 'Location B',
+                'company_id' => $acme->id,
+                'parent_id'  => $parentLocation->id,
+            ])
+            ->assertRedirect(route('locations.index'))
+            ->assertSessionHasNoErrors();
+
+        $this->assertEquals($parentLocation->id, $location->fresh()->parent_id);
+    }
+
+    public function test_can_update_location_to_cross_company_parent_when_fmcs_disabled()
+    {
+        $this->settings->disableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $acme   = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Acme']);
+        $globex = Company::factory()->create(['name' => 'Globex']);
+
+        $parentLocation = Location::factory()->create(['company_id' => $acme->id]);
+        $location       = Location::factory()->create(['name' => 'Location B', 'company_id' => $globex->id]);
+
+        $this->actingAs(User::factory()->superuser()->create())
+            ->put(route('locations.update', $location), [
+                'name'       => 'Location B',
+                'company_id' => $globex->id,
+                'parent_id'  => $parentLocation->id,
+            ])
+            ->assertRedirect(route('locations.index'))
+            ->assertSessionHasNoErrors();
+
+        $this->assertEquals($parentLocation->id, $location->fresh()->parent_id);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Support/Importing/ComponentsImportFileBuilder.php b/tests/Support/Importing/ComponentsImportFileBuilder.php
index afc4c0e8a5..68ad054162 100644
--- a/tests/Support/Importing/ComponentsImportFileBuilder.php
+++ b/tests/Support/Importing/ComponentsImportFileBuilder.php
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ class ComponentsImportFileBuilder extends FileBuilder
     protected function getDictionary(): array
     {
         return [
+            'assetTag' => 'Asset Tag',
             'category' => 'Category',
             'companyName' => 'Company',
             'itemName' => 'item Name',
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ class ComponentsImportFileBuilder extends FileBuilder
         $faker = fake();
 
         return [
+            'assetTag' => '',
             'category' => Str::random(),
             'companyName' => Str::random()." {$faker->companySuffix}",
             'itemName' => Str::random(),
diff --git a/tests/Support/Importing/LicensesImportFileBuilder.php b/tests/Support/Importing/LicensesImportFileBuilder.php
index e7c6ca3ee0..33cd09a38e 100644
--- a/tests/Support/Importing/LicensesImportFileBuilder.php
+++ b/tests/Support/Importing/LicensesImportFileBuilder.php
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ class LicensesImportFileBuilder extends FileBuilder
     {
         return [
             'category' => 'Category',
+            'checkoutEmail' => 'Email',
+            'checkoutFullName' => 'Full Name',
+            'checkoutUsername' => 'Username',
             'companyName' => 'Company',
             'expirationDate' => 'expiration date',
             'isMaintained' => 'maintained',
@@ -66,6 +69,9 @@ class LicensesImportFileBuilder extends FileBuilder
 
         return [
             'category' => Str::random(),
+            'checkoutEmail' => '',
+            'checkoutFullName' => '',
+            'checkoutUsername' => '',
             'companyName' => Str::random()." {$faker->companySuffix}",
             'expirationDate' => $faker->date,
             'isMaintained' => $faker->randomElement(['TRUE', 'FALSE']),
diff --git a/tests/Support/Settings.php b/tests/Support/Settings.php
index fff2a79f63..35e91b40f5 100644
--- a/tests/Support/Settings.php
+++ b/tests/Support/Settings.php
@@ -102,6 +102,19 @@ class Settings
         return $this;
     }
 
+    public function enableFloaterMode(): Settings
+    {
+        return $this->update([
+            'full_multiple_companies_support' => 1,
+            'null_company_is_floater' => 1,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function disableFloaterMode(): Settings
+    {
+        return $this->update(['null_company_is_floater' => 0]);
+    }
+
     public function enableSlackWebhook(): Settings
     {
         return $this->update([
diff --git a/tests/Unit/CompanyScopingTest.php b/tests/Unit/CompanyScopingTest.php
index 894f15a97d..dea7588644 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/CompanyScopingTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/CompanyScopingTest.php
@@ -149,6 +149,66 @@ class CompanyScopingTest extends TestCase
         $this->assertCanSee($licenseSeatB);
     }
 
+    #[DataProvider('models')]
+    public function test_company_user_cannot_see_null_company_items_in_strict_mode($model)
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $nullCompanyItem = $model::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+        $companyItem = $model::factory()->for($company)->create();
+        $companyUser = $company->users()->save(User::factory()->make());
+
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $this->actingAs($companyUser);
+        $this->assertCannotSee($nullCompanyItem);
+        $this->assertCanSee($companyItem);
+    }
+
+    #[DataProvider('models')]
+    public function test_company_user_can_see_null_company_items_in_floater_mode($model)
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $nullCompanyItem = $model::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+        $companyItem = $model::factory()->for($company)->create();
+        $companyUser = $company->users()->save(User::factory()->make());
+
+        $this->settings->enableFloaterMode();
+
+        $this->actingAs($companyUser);
+        $this->assertCanSee($nullCompanyItem);
+        $this->assertCanSee($companyItem);
+    }
+
+    #[DataProvider('models')]
+    public function test_null_company_user_cannot_see_company_items_in_strict_mode($model)
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $nullCompanyItem = $model::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+        $companyItem = $model::factory()->for($company)->create();
+        $nullCompanyUser = User::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+
+        $this->settings->enableMultipleFullCompanySupport();
+
+        $this->actingAs($nullCompanyUser);
+        $this->assertCanSee($nullCompanyItem);
+        $this->assertCannotSee($companyItem);
+    }
+
+    #[DataProvider('models')]
+    public function test_null_company_user_can_see_all_items_in_floater_mode($model)
+    {
+        $company = Company::factory()->create();
+        $nullCompanyItem = $model::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+        $companyItem = $model::factory()->for($company)->create();
+        $nullCompanyUser = User::factory()->create(['company_id' => null]);
+
+        $this->settings->enableFloaterMode();
+
+        $this->actingAs($nullCompanyUser);
+        $this->assertCanSee($nullCompanyItem);
+        $this->assertCanSee($companyItem);
+    }
+
     private function assertCanSee(Model $model)
     {
         $this->assertTrue(